The Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam is understandably delighted to have the ability to assemble 28 work of Johannes Vermeer’s small oeuvre for its survey present subsequent yr, however what is especially attention-grabbing is what lies behind the numbers.
The museum has upgraded three work which have been questioned by distinguished specialists. This widening of the oeuvre, along with related technical analysis, is more likely to have a profound impression on how artwork historians regard Vermeer’s artwork.
The largest shock is the inclusion of Woman with a Flute (1664-67 or later), from the Nationwide Gallery of Artwork in Washington, DC. As not too long ago as 7 October, the US gallery revealed that its curator, Marjorie Wieseman, believes that the portray was produced by “an affiliate of Vermeer—not by the Dutch artist himself, as was beforehand believed”. This adopted an in depth scientific examination. The portray is labelled as a studio work within the present Washington, DC exhibition Vermeer’s Secrets and techniques (till 8 January 2023).
Woman with a Flute (1664-67 or later)
Photograph: Nationwide Gallery of Artwork, Washington, DC
The Rijksmuseum brazenly disagrees, now accepting Woman with a Flute as absolutely genuine. It’s uncommon for a museum to downgrade considered one of its personal work at exactly the identical second when the attribution is upgraded by one other establishment with particular experience.
Pieter Roelofs, the Rijksmuseum co-curator, informed the Amsterdam newspaper Het Parool: “It’s being lent as a ‘non-Vermeer’, however we’ll hold it as an actual Vermeer.” Lightheartedly, he added that “the doubt will disappear through the flight over the ocean”.
A portray of Saint Praxedis can be now thought to be an genuine Vermeer. It’s a copy of a piece (1640-45, now within the Fergnani assortment, Ferrara) by the Italian artist Felice Ficherelli. Saint Praxedis (1655) was first recognized in 1969 as a doable copy by Vermeer, due to an obvious signature, and for a few years its champion was Arthur Wheelock, a Vermeer specialist then on the Nationwide Gallery of Artwork.
In any other case it was extensively rejected, together with by the late Walter Liedtke (previously of the Metropolitan Museum of Artwork, New York) and Jørgen Wadum (Mauritshuis, The Hague). It was additionally excluded from The Younger Vermeer exhibition held in The Hague, Dresden and Edinburgh in 2010-11.
In 2014 Saint Praxedis was auctioned by Christie’s as a Vermeer (by this time with extra widespread help from specialists), promoting for £6.2m. We are able to report that it is going to be coming to the Rijksmuseum subsequent yr courtesy of Tokyo’s Nationwide Museum of Western Artwork, on mortgage from a Japanese firm. A technical examination by the Rijksmuseum has led to its full acceptance.
The ultimate addition to the oeuvre is Younger Lady Seated at a Virginal (1670-72). Though it had been extensively rejected as a Vermeer for many years, it was re-examined shortly earlier than being provided at Sotheby’s in 2004, when it fetched £16m. Regardless of some preliminary doubts, it has change into more and more accepted lately and, as soon as once more, a Rijksmuseum technical evaluation has confirmed its authenticity. The personal proprietor is the New York funding supervisor Thomas Kaplan, as a part of his Leiden Assortment.
Vermeer’s oeuvre has expanded considerably in current many years. Albert Blankert’s 1975 Vermeer catalogue included 31 absolutely accepted works, and till a number of years in the past many specialists would have put the quantity at round 34. Now the Rijksmuseum says it’s 37.
Younger Lady Seated at a Virginal (1670-72)
Courtesy of The Leiden Assortment
Lacking masterpieces
One other attention-grabbing query is which Vermeers is not going to be coming to the Rijksmuseum. The exhibition curators did their utmost to get each single image, however there are nonetheless anticipated to be 9 absentees. Two work can’t be lent due to circumstances imposed by their bequests. These are each on the Metropolitan Museum of Artwork: A Maid Asleep (1656-57) and Research of a Younger Lady (1665-67).
Barring a miraculous restoration, The Live performance (1663-66) may even be absent. It was stolen from Boston’s Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in 1990.
Three Vermeers are too fragile to journey: Woman on the Virginals with a Gentleman (early 1660s, Royal Assortment, London), Younger Lady with a Water Pitcher (round 1662, Metropolitan Museum of Artwork) and The Guitar Participant (1672, Kenwood/English Heritage).
Vermeer’s best masterpiece, The Artwork of Portray (1666-68, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna) just isn’t being lent, due to its fragility and in addition due to its significance for museum guests. Nevertheless, it was on mortgage to 6 exhibitions from 2000 to 2008.
Though the Musée du Louvre in Paris is generously lending The Lacemaker (1666-68), The Astronomer (1668) is at present on mortgage to the Louvre Abu Dhabi, as a part of a significant price association. The Abu Dhabi mortgage, which started in November 2021, was initially attributable to run till October 2022, however was not too long ago prolonged to June 2023 (the month that the Rijksmuseum present closes). The lack of The Astronomer is especially unlucky, since its pendant, The Geographer (1669, Städel Museum, Frankfurt), might be coming.
The ultimate Vermeer which has eluded the Rijksmuseum is The Woman with a Wine Glass (1658-59). It belongs to the Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum in Braunschweig, central Germany. Though lent to Dresden final yr, the gallery says that it’s too essential a piece for the museum and they didn’t really feel they may lend this fragile image once more.
Though the Rijksmuseum is sticking with the determine of 28 work, its curators have a lingering hope that one or two absentees may nonetheless be coaxed into the exhibition earlier than the opening.
• Vermeer, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, 10 February-4 June
